Crude oil is categorized primarily into two types based on its density and viscosity: light crude oil and heavy crude oil. Here’s a breakdown of their differences and characteristics:
Light Crude Oil:
- Density and Viscosity: Lower density and viscosity. It flows more easily.
- API Gravity: Higher API gravity, typically above 31.1 degrees. API gravity is a measure of how heavy or light the petroleum liquid is compared to water.
- Sulfur Content: Usually has lower sulfur content, often referred to as “sweet crude.”
- Refining: Easier and cheaper to refine. Produces a higher yield of valuable products like gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel.
Heavy Crude Oil:
- Density and Viscosity: Higher density and viscosity. It is thicker and flows less easily.
- API Gravity: Lower API gravity, typically below 22.3 degrees.
- Sulfur Content: Usually has higher sulfur content, often referred to as “sour crude.”
- Refining: More complex and expensive to refine. Produces a lower yield of valuable products, requiring more advanced refining processes.
Understanding these differences is crucial for industries involved in oil extraction, refining, and trading, as well as for policy-making and environmental considerations.